California Fens
Hotspots of Biodiversity
Fens are an important and unique wetland type. Fens are peat-forming wetlands that rely on groundwater, require thousands of years to develop, and cannot easily be restored if destroyed. They are home to rare plants, insects, small mammals, and large animals. They are sites of groundwater discharge, nutrient recycling, erosion traps, and pollution filters.
What is a Fen?
Fens are hotspots of biodiversity.
Types of Fens
How do groundwater and topography conspire to create a fen?
Rich Fens, Poor Fens
Water chemistry and bedrock influence fen species diversity.
How Old are Fens?
Aging our California fens.
Diversity of Fens
How diverse are our California fens?
Fen Conservation
What are we doing to conserve fens on the National Forests in California?.
Fen Monitoring
Monitoring is designed to assist the management and restoration of fen wetland ecosystems.
More Information
Resources and citations of more information about ferns.