0723-2804-MTDC: Wetland Trail Design and Construction 2007 Edition




T&D > T&D Pubs > Wetland Trail Design and Construction 2007 Edition Table of Contents Back \| Next \| Cover Page Wetland Trail Design and Construction: 2007 Edition Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Types of Wetlands Wetlands Formed by Glacial Action Wetlands With Organic Silt and Clay Soils Silt and Clay Soils With Some Water Silt and Clay Soils With Considerable Water River Deposits and Deltas Floating Wetlands—Trembling Earth or Quaking Bog Wetlands on Mountains Carrs Seepage Spruce Bogs Muskeg Wetlands With Wildlife That Bite Back Environmental and Accessibility Compliance National Environmental Policy Act and Other Federal Laws The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers State and Local Agencies Accessible Trails Field Work Turned Around Trail Layout Reconnaissance Preliminary Route—P-Line Coordination Blue Line Final Layout Drawings, Specifications, and Cost Estimates Wetland Trail Structures Sustainable Design Corduroy Turnpikes Causeways Improving Drainage Dips or Ditches Culverts Structures Requiring Foundations Sleepers (Sills) Cribbing Wooden Piles End-Bearing Piles Friction Piles Bent Construction Helical Piles (Screw Piles) Helical Pile Assembly Special Site Considerations Puncheon Type 1 Puncheon Type 2 Puncheon Type 3 Puncheon Puncheon Summary Gadbury Bog Bridge Bog Bridge on Sleepers Bog Bridge on Cribbing Bog Bridge on Piles Bog Bridge Summary Boardwalk Stringers Boardwalk Summary Finishing Details Decks Posts Pedestrian Railing Types Railing Installation Curbs (Bull Rails) Bulkheads (Backwalls, End Dams, Faceplates) Floating Trails Construction Materials Choosing Materials Logs Lumber and Timber Decay-Resistant Wood Naturally Decay-Resistant Wood Preservative-Treated Wood Recycled Plastic Hardware Connectors Nails Bolts Lag Bolts (Lag Screws) Washers Nuts Wood Screws (Deck Screws) Steel Reinforcing Bars Staples Hardware Cloth Geosynthetics Nonslip Gratings and Grit-Treated Mats Roughened Wood Surface Mineral Paper Fishing Net Cleats Construction Tools Measuring Tapes Framing Squares Plumb Bob Levels String or Line Levels Stringlines Chalklines Carpenter's and Mason's Levels Torpedo Levels Post Levels Surveyor's Transits and Electronic Instruments Surveyor's Levels or Transits Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments Saws Handsaws Chain Saws Hand-Held Pruning Saws Axes Adzes Planes Draw Knives Bark Spuds Tools for Drilling Holes in Wood Bits Braces Battery-Powered Drills Gasoline-Powered Drills Clamps Wrenches Chisels Mallets Hammers Claw Hammers Sledge Hammers Crowbars Tools for Digging Holes Shovels and Posthole Diggers Augers Gasoline-Powered Augers Wheelbarrows Compactors Practicing the Craft Working With Logs Felling Bucking and Seasoning Moving Logs Peeling Squaring a Log Cutting Planks With Chain Saw Mills Working With Timbers Working With Treated Wood Pinning Logs and Timbers Tread Surface Slippery Wood Treads Trail Grade Cross Slope Soil Conditions Surface Treatments Latex Paint Walnut Chips Mineral Products Nonslip Gratings and Grit-Treated Mats Working With Rock, Stone, and Gravel Rock Stone Gravel Uses of Stone and Gravel Appendix A—Field Note Sheets Appendix B—Slope Conversion Table Appendix C—Comparison of Round and Rectangular Culverts Appendix D—Sizes of Hot-Dipped Galvanized Nails Appendix E—Table of Board Feet Appendix F—Metric Conversions Glossary References About the Authors Top Back \| Next \| Cover Page
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