Tools (continued)

Files are measured from the point to the heel, excluding the tange (the tip used to attach a handle). Length determines the coarseness of files. There are generally three degrees of file coarseness: bastard, second cut, and smooth. The bastard will be the coarsest file available for different cuts of files of the same length. A 254-mm (10-inch) mill bastard file is good for all-around tool sharpening.

Before filing, fit the file with a handle and knuckle guard. Always wear gloves on both hands to prevent cuts from the sharpened edge. Secure the tool so both hands are free for filing. Use the largest file you can, depending on the size, nature, and workable stroke length of the job. Remember that files are designed to cut in one direction only. Apply even pressure on the push stroke, then lift the file up and off the tool while returning for another pass.

Store or transport files so they are not thrown together. Protect them from other tools. An old piece of fire hose sewn shut on one end makes a great file holder for several files, a guard, and handle. A hand-tool sharpening gauge that gives you all the correct angles can be ordered from the General Services Administration (GSA).

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